Il brigante post unitario Giuseppe Schiavone, da Franco Molfese definito «ardito e abile, batté ripetutamente truppe e guardie nazionali», nacque a Sant’Agata di Puglia (current province of Foggia) December 19, 1838. Acted between 1861 and 1864, working with Carmine Caruso and Michael Crocco. He was shot in Melfi by the Piedmontese November 29, 1864. He was only 26 years. not find better words to describe those that Giuseppe Schiavone Giuseppe Osvaldo Lucera: "In reality, Schiavone was an insurgent different from those that appeared immediately after unification, in our Southern Italy. This diversity is in a different way of interpreting its role and to conduct its work. This peculiarity has demonstrated through acts and attitudes that have a high content of almost all humanitarian mixed with a kind of solidarity with the victim, and not at all uncommon common in that world, and almost a behavior with obvious connotations Franciscans against its adversaries. Olympus has not joined the gang leaders more representative of post-unification period because he could never achieve the perceived military, mixed with contempt for the enemy, of a Caruso or militarism on and not scratched a Roman sergeant, as he could not never release a charismatic political office and that instead he could have a character like the late lawyer, nor was a driver of men as it was able to do Crocco in his Lucania. But while remaining on the slopes of Mount Olympus, oppure ad oltre metà strada dalla vetta, Schiavone si è comunque distinto non solo per le sue qualità d’animo di brigante buono, riconosciute anche dall’immaginario collettivo che lo colloca tra i migliori interpreti di quella favolosa epopea, ma quanto per la purezza rivoluzionaria, o meglio per essere stato un fedele interprete del ribellismo contadino di indubbia efficacia».
Noi crediamo che l’opera di Lucera su Giuseppe Schiavone contribuirà a far ascendere questo brigante pugliese nell’Olimpo dei protagonisti del brigantaggio post unitario. Come merita.
Schiavone entrò nell’esercito borbonico come militare di leva nell’anno 1859. All’arrivo di Garibaldi, nel 1860, il comandante del suo reggimento si consegnò al Nizzardo senza sparare un colpo di fucile. Schiavone, nel frattempo diventato sergente, rimase consegnato in caserma fino alla caduta di Gaeta nelle mani dei piemontesi. Disciolto l’esercito borbonico, fu congedato e costretto a tornare a casa. Senz’arte né parte. Decise allora, come tanti altri, di darsi alla macchia, anche per non rispondere alla leva obbligatoria voluta dai piemontesi.
La banda di Schiavone aveva un numero di componenti che variava tra le 40 e le 50 unità, tutte a cavallo. Ne facevano parte ex soldati, contadini, ecclesiastici, perseguitati dalla giustizia, fuggiaschi e molte donne. Unito ad altre bande riuscì a comandare fino a 250 uomini armati, tutti a cavallo.
When the Parliamentary Commission on brigandage down in Puglia, at the end of January 1863, Giuseppe Schiavone began to observe, by the rise of a hill, the long column of soldiers that accompanied it. Lucera writes: "The commissioners had only heard of robbers, but they had not yet met. The only one to be seen on the hills of Puglia her it was the robber di Sant'Agata, all dressed in their Sunday best for the occasion. " Giuseppe Schiavone
loved many women, but those that marked his life were Filomena Rosa Giuliani and Pennacchio. Giuliani gave it to Piedmont Executioner when he heard that Philip was pregnant by Schiavone.
Before being shot, Giuseppe Schiavone gave a cry of despair: "People! Only you can still save me, I have always fought for you. " And the people, perpetuating the memory up to us, saved him from death.
Rocco Biondi
(From the preface to my book of Joseph Oswald Lucera: Joseph Schiavone - Brigante post unit)
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